VPN Setup for Baileys API (Gluetun + Mullvad)

Problem

Hosting providers like Hostinger have their IP ranges mass-blocked by Meta. This causes WhatsApp connections through Baileys to fail. The solution is to route only Baileys traffic through a VPN, keeping everything else (Rails, Sidekiq, Postgres, Redis) on the regular network.

Architecture

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│  Docker Network (coolify)                           │
│                                                     │
│  ┌──────────┐    ┌──────────────────────────────┐   │
│  │  Rails    │    │  Gluetun (VPN tunnel)        │   │
│  │  Sidekiq  │───▶│  :3025 ──▶ Baileys API      │   │
│  └──────────┘    │  (network_mode: service)     │   │
│       │          │         │                     │   │
│       │          │         │ VPN (WireGuard)     │   │
│       │          │         ▼                     │   │
│       │          │    Mullvad SP (Brazil)        │   │
│       │          └──────────────────────────────┘   │
│       │                    │                        │
│       ▼                    ▼                        │
│  ┌──────────┐        ┌──────────┐                   │
│  │  Redis   │◀───────│ Baileys  │                   │
│  │  Postgres│        │ (via VPN)│                   │
│  └──────────┘        └──────────┘                   │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Gluetun creates a WireGuard VPN tunnel. Baileys shares Gluetun's network via network_mode: "service:gluetun", so all WhatsApp traffic exits through the VPN IP. Internal Docker traffic (Redis, etc.) is exempted via firewall subnet rules.

Step 1 — Get Mullvad Credentials

Go to https://mullvad.net/en/account/create and generate an account (no email needed — save the 16-digit account number).
Add credit (€5/month, accepts card, PayPal, crypto).
Go to https://mullvad.net/en/account/wireguard-config, log in, select Linux, click Generate key, choose Brazil > São Paulo, and download the .conf file.
From the downloaded file, note:
- PrivateKey — e.g. KLaIt4oAaI6Iz4iQhSS9/0UBlbvfmG1LC/NWGXW/DH4=
- Address — use only the IPv4 address, e.g. 10.67.152.85/32 (discard the IPv6 address)

Important: Gluetun does not support IPv6. Only use the IPv4 address from the .conf file.

Step 2 — Docker Compose Changes

2.1 Add the `gluetun` service (baileys-api compose)

gluetun:
  image: qmcgaw/gluetun
  restart: always
  cap_add:
    - NET_ADMIN
  ports:
    - '3025:3025'
  environment:
    - VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDER=mullvad
    - VPN_TYPE=wireguard
    - WIREGUARD_PRIVATE_KEY=<your-private-key>
    - WIREGUARD_ADDRESSES=<your-ipv4-address>/32
    - SERVER_COUNTRIES=Brazil
    - SERVER_CITIES=Sao Paulo
    - FIREWALL_OUTBOUND_SUBNETS=172.16.0.0/12,10.0.0.0/8,192.168.0.0/16
    - DNS_KEEP_NAMESERVER=on
  healthcheck:
    test:
      - CMD-SHELL
      - 'wget -qO- https://ipinfo.io/ip'
    interval: 30s
    timeout: 10s
    retries: 5
  networks:
    - coolify

Key environment variables:

Variable	Purpose
`FIREWALL_OUTBOUND_SUBNETS`	Allows internal Docker traffic (Redis, etc.) to bypass the VPN. Must cover all private subnets used by Docker.
`DNS_KEEP_NAMESERVER`	Keeps Docker's internal DNS so containers can resolve hostnames like `redis`. Without this, you get `getaddrinfo ENOTFOUND` errors.

Do NOT set OWNED_ONLY=yes — Mullvad does not have owned servers in São Paulo, only rented ones. This filter would match zero servers.

2.2 Modify the `baileys-api` service

Apply these changes to the existing baileys-api service:

baileys-api:
  # ... existing config ...
  network_mode: 'service:gluetun'       # Route all traffic through Gluetun
  depends_on:
    gluetun:
      condition: service_healthy         # Wait for VPN to be up
  # REMOVE any 'ports' section — port 3025 is now exposed by gluetun
  # REMOVE any 'networks' section — network_mode is incompatible with networks

condition: service_healthy is critical. Without it, baileys-api starts before the VPN tunnel is established, causing Redis connection timeouts.

2.3 Update `BAILEYS_PROVIDER_DEFAULT_URL` in Chatwoot

In the Rails and Sidekiq services (or Coolify environment variables), change:

# Before
BAILEYS_PROVIDER_DEFAULT_URL=http://baileys-api:3025

# After
BAILEYS_PROVIDER_DEFAULT_URL=http://gluetun:3025

Since baileys-api now shares Gluetun's network, external services must address it via gluetun hostname.

2.4 Declare the shared network

If the baileys-api compose is a separate stack, declare the shared network:

networks:
  coolify:
    external: true
    name: coolify

Step 3 — Verify

After deploying, run from the server's SSH terminal:

# Check container health
docker ps | grep -E "gluetun|baileys"

# Get the VPN exit IP (replace with your actual gluetun container name)
docker exec <GLUETUN_CONTAINER> wget -qO- https://ipinfo.io/ip

# Compare with the server's real IP
curl -s https://ipinfo.io/ip

If the two IPs are different, the VPN is working correctly.

Troubleshooting

Symptom	Cause	Fix
`Redis client error` / connection timeout on Redis	Baileys starts before VPN is ready	Add `depends_on` with `condition: service_healthy`
`Redis client error` / connection refused	Internal Docker traffic blocked by VPN firewall	Add `192.168.0.0/16` to `FIREWALL_OUTBOUND_SUBNETS`
`getaddrinfo ENOTFOUND redis`	Docker DNS not working inside VPN	Set `DNS_KEEP_NAMESERVER=on` in gluetun
`no server found: ... city sao paulo; owned servers only`	Mullvad has no owned servers in São Paulo	Remove `OWNED_ONLY=yes` from gluetun env
`interface address is IPv6 but IPv6 is not supported`	IPv6 address in `WIREGUARD_ADDRESSES`	Use only the IPv4 address (remove the `fc00:...` part)
`REDIS_URL` with hardcoded IP (e.g. `172.19.0.2`)	Docker internal IPs change on restart	Always use hostnames (e.g. `redis://redis:6379`)

VPN Expiration

If the Mullvad subscription expires:

WhatsApp stops working (Baileys can't connect through the VPN).
Everything else keeps running normally (Rails, Sidekiq, Redis, Postgres are not affected).
To restore: renew Mullvad, or revert the docker-compose changes to bypass the VPN entirely.

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